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Electric Motor Terms

AC (Alternating Current) – Current whose flow can be changed. Alternating current is commonly available in single and three forms.
 
Air Gap – The space between the rotor and stationary stator member in an electric motor.
 
Amps – The meter-kilogram-second unit of electric current that is equivalent to the steady current produced by one volt applied across a resistance of one ohm.
 
Armature – A part of the magnetic structure of a motor that rotates in a DC or universal motor.
 
Back End – The end that holds the coupling or driving pulley. Also referred to as the drive end.
 
Brush – Current conducting material that guides current from the power supply to the armature windings.
 
Commutation – Converting an electric current from direct current to alternating current. Can go both ways.
 
Core – The segment of the stator and rotor, usually iron, which is made up of cylindrical laminated electric steel.
 
Cycles per Second (Hertz) – One complete reverse of flow of alternating current per rate of time.
 
Duty Cycle – The duration and relationship of operating and non-operating times or repeatable operation at different loads.
 
Enclosures – The housing or frame of a motor in which there are two wide classifications: open and totally closed.
 
Endshield – The part of the motor housing that supports the bearing and acts as a protective guard to the electrical and rotating parts inside the motor. Often referred to as an "end bracket" or "end bell."
 
Fractional Horse-Power – A motor usually built smaller than that having a continuous rating of one horsepower. The frame size can categorize the motor as fractional also. (http://www.fractionalhorsepowermotors.com)
 
Front End – The end opposite the coupling or driving pulley. Also referred to as the commutator end.
 
Gearhead – A gearmotor part that holds the gearing, which converts the basic motor speed to the rated output speed.
 
Horsepower – A function of torque and rpm.
 
Jackscrew – A device used for the positioning of a motor. These are adjustable screws fitted on the base or motor frame.
 
Load – The burden forced on a motor by the driven machine. Often stated as the torque required to overcome the resistance of the machine it drives.
 
Motor – A device that takes electrical energy and converts it into mechanical energy to turn a shaft.  
 
Relay – A device that is effective by a variation in the conditions of one electric circuit to affect the operation of other devices in the same or another electric circuit.
 
Rotor – Made of stacked laminations, it is the rotating component of an induction motor.
 
RPM – Revolutions per minute. The number of times per minute the shaft of the motor rotates.
 
Shaft – The rotating part of the motor that protrudes past the bearings for attachment to the driven equipment.
 
Stator – In an AC induction motor the stator is made of laminations with a large hole in the center for rotor to turn and slots in the stator for the windings to be inserted.
 
Torque – Force for turning provided by a motor or gearmotor shaft. Often described in pounds.
 
Volts – The difference of possibility between two points in a conducting wire with a constant current of one ampere.